POETRY
Poetry is a form of art in which
language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities with or without its
apparent meaning. It is a form of literature expression that captures intense
experiences or creative perceptions of the world in a musical language.
POETRY
ELEMENTS
1.
Theme- summarized statement containing the though of the published poetry.
2. Tone- mood of the poem.
3.
Rhythm- atmosphere/emotion in the poem created by the poet.
4. Sound- poems are meant to be heard.
5. Imagery- use of words to create pictures or
images in your mind.
3
GENRES OF POETRY
1. Descriptive- focuses on details (Didactic
Poem).
2.
Narrative- tells a story.
FORMS OF POETRY
. COUPLET-
a stanza in a poem written in two lines.
Example:
WAR
The
havoc has ended
Another
will be started.
TERCET- poem written in lines.
Example:
LOVE
I
love him for a long time,
He
love me every time,
We
love each other for a life time.
QUATRAIN- four lines, most common form of stanza used in poetry, usually rhyme.
Example:
MOM
I
want to thank you, mom,
And
tell you lovingly
You
are the best thing
God
has given to me.
CINQUAIN- 5 lines of poem and do bot rhyme.
Line 1- 2 syllables
Line 2- 4 syllables
Line 3- 6 syllables
Line 4- 8 syllables
Line 5- 2 syllables
Example:
FATHER
Father
Proud
to have you
He
always care for us
He
sacrifice a lot for us
Love
you.
Tanaga- Haiku equivalent from the Philippines. Mostly written in tagalog.
Example:
STYUDANTE
Umupo
ng matuwid
Styudante
making
Styudante
mag-isip
Nang
bukal sa’yong dibdib.
DIAMANTE- 7 line poem written in the shape of diamond. And follows a pattern.
Line 1- your topic (noun)
Line 2- 2 adjectives about your topic
Line 3- 3 words end with ing about your
topic
Line 4- 4 nouns or short phrases linking
topics
Line 5- 3 words end with ing
Line 6- 2 adjectives words
Line 7- Your ending topic (noun)
Example:
SCHOOL
School
Happy,
cool
Inspiring,
informing, challenging
Scholar,
students, teacher, family
Depressing,
making, experiencing
Unwelcome,
sad,
Quit
LIMERICK- funny poem with 5 lines. Nonsense poem. Line 1, 2 & 5 rhyme with 7-10 syllables. Line 3 & 4 are sorter and rhyme 5-7 syllables.
Example:
BOY
There
is a boy I know for a long time.
He’s
more handsome than what you think,
He’s
loving and kind,
Much
better than you,
He’s
one of us you know, and I love him.
DIONA- katutub ong anyo ng tula. 7 syllables per line, 3 line per stanza and there is one rhyme.
Example:
MAG-ISA
O,
ka’y sarap mag-isa
Sapagkat
magagawa
Nating
maging Malaya.
HAIKU- Japanese poem with 3 lines of 5, 7, 5. It does not rhyme. It captures a moment in time.
Example:
PROUD
Parent’s
they’re the best
They
sacrifice many things
For
us, reach our dreams.
SENRYU- follows the same pattern as Haiku. It is mostly about human nature.
Example:
HUMAN
NATURE
The
human nature
Awesome,
amazing, divine
A gift
from heaven.
FREE VERSE- does not rhyme no pattern.
Example:
UNDER
THE MASK
A
beautiful lady, sitting on the ground
She’s
wearing a crop top, with high waist skinny jeans
You
can see in her face, she is happy
With
her friends and love one
But
then, a sad lady is hiding at that smiling face
She’s
broken and can’t express her feelings.
DRAMA
A type of literature that takes advantage of peoples visual
and auditory senses.
Actual written material or the script, Greek word draw; to do
or to act. a drama is a composition in verse or prose presenting a story in
pantomime or dialogue. It contains conflict of characters, particularly the
ones who perform in front of audience on the stage. The person who writes drama
for stage directions is known as a “dramatist” or “playwright.”
Dramatic Terms:
ž Playwright: The writer of plays
(dramatist)
ž Stage directions: Instructions written
in the script of a play, describing the setting and indicating actions and
movements of the actors.
ž Soliloquy (Monologue): A speech in a
play in which a character, usually alone on the stage, talks to himself or
herself so that the audience knows their thoughts.
ž Protagonist: The main character in a
play.
ž Antagonist: The character opposing the
main character.
ž Tragic hero: A character of high
repute, who, because of a tragic flaw and fate, suffers a fall from
glory into suffering.
ž Tragic flaw: A weakness or
limitation of character, resulting in the fall of the tragic hero.
ž Dramatis Personae: "People of
Drama" in Latin; a list of the characters in a play, usually found on the
first page of the script.
ž Blank Verse: Unrhymed iambic
pentameter verse. It is the preeminent dramatic verse English (as in the
plays of Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare).
ž Chorus: The course in Greek
drama is a group of actors who speak or sing together, commenting on
the action. In Elizabethan drama, the course consisted of one actor
who recites the prologue and epilogue to a play and sometimes comments on the
action (As in Doctor Faustus).
ž Comic Relief: Humorous episodes in a
play that is mainly tragic.
Different types of Drama
1. TRAGEDY
(Catastrophic Drama)
- In the Greek sense, a play that ends with the death of
at least one of the main characters. In modern usage, it refers to a play
that doesn’t have a happy ending. Tragedies end in catastrophe – often the
death of the tragic hero. exposing the plight and sufferings
of humans to its audience.
- Religious themes,
theologies, dualism and the clash between man and man or man and ideology are
woven through many of the tragic works.
ELEMENTS
1. Tragic hero
-the tragic hero is someone we, as an audience,
look up to someone superior.
2. Hamartia
-a fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic
hero or heroine.
3. Peripeteia
-is a
sudden change in a story which results in a negative reversal of circumstances.
4. Anagnorisis
-is a
moment in a pay or other work when a character makes a critical discovery.
5. Catharsis
-is
an emotion discharge through which one can achieve a state of moral or
spiritual renewal, or achieve a state of liberation from anxiety and stress.
6. Restoration of social order
-the play cannot end until society is, once again
at peace.
UNIQUE EMOTION
-The
aim of tragedy, Aristotle writes, to arouse in them sensations of PAIN, PITY
and FEAR and purge them of these emotions (CATHARSIS) so that they leave the
theater feeling cleansed and uplifted, with a heightened understanding of the
ways of gods and men.
PURPOSE
useful tools for instruction on appropriate
behavior and the ramifications of what happens when one doesn't "do
right" or makes an error in direct opposition to those more in line with
common (or religious) approval.
2. COMEDY (Drama of Humor)
– is a play that treats characters and situations
in a humorous way and has a happy ending. The story is usually based on real
life characters, funny experiences in life or any type of fun provoking
situation.
In
the Greek sense, it is a play that doesn’t end in death. In modern usage,
it refers to a play that ends happily or that is humorous.
Aristophanes wrote about 40 comedies, most
of which dealt with political and social issues of the day in a somewhat crude
and mocking manner.
Comedy
should have the view of a “comic spirit” and is physical and energetic.
It is tied up in rebirth and renewal, this is the reason most comedy end in
weddings, which suggest a union of a couple and the expected birth of children.
Comedy is a secret weapon for
enlightenment.
ELEMENTS:
1. Pain
2. Pride
3. Deception
4. Misunderstanding
5. Contrast
6. Exaggeration
7. Parody
8. Inappropriate
EMOTION:
HUMOR
PURPOSE
Ø to lighten the hearts
and minds of the audience.
Ø release and freedom,
keeping things light.
COMEDIC WORDS
Malapropism: a comical confusion of words
Bawdy: generally applied to language that is
coarse or lewd
Pun: a play on words
Double
entendre: an expression that has two meanings. The first meaning
may be obvious, but a second meaning may be either
ironic or rude.
3. TRAGICOMEDY(Combi Drama=tragic+humor)
-
This type of drama combines elements of tragedy and comedy. The plot may seem
to moving towards a tragic ending, but a last-minute plot twist will usually
give a happy resolution.
This play mix serious human problems, such as exile and separation with the
elements of myth and fantasy, like magic or strange creatures.
ELEMENTS
- blends elements of
both comedy and tragedy.
UNIQUE EMOTION
·
Instead
of focusing on love and lovers, tragicomedy often place family conflict at the
center of the action. In particular, we see family members separated and then
reunited.
PURPOSE
·
To make
someone smile and entertain in a light pleasant way, and get the attention of
someone as time passes.
4. FARCE (Drama of
Exaggeration & Impossibility)
- a lighthearted comedy that
centers around a ridiculous plot that usually involves exaggerated and improbable
events and movements (as ELEMENTS).
- Farce, usually do not have much
character development, but instead rely on absurdity, physical humor, and a
skillful exploitation of a situation. Farce examples also often occur in just
one place where all the events occur. Farce is one of the most difficult,
challenging forms of writing.
- a comic dramatic piece
that uses highly improbable situations, stereotyped characters, extravagant
exaggeration, and violent horseplay.
UNIQUE EMOTIONS
- It only aims at making audience laugh. It uses elements
like physical humor, deliberate absurdity, bawdy jokes, and drunkenness just to
make people laugh.
PURPOSE OF FARCE
u Is to evoke laughter. We usually find farces in theater and
films, and sometimes in other literary works top. In fact, all of these
forms combine stereotyped characters and exaggerated to create humor.
5. MELODRAMA (Drama
of Exaggeration & Excitement)
A melodrama is a dramatic piece with exaggerated characters and exciting
events
A drama, such as a play, film/movie, or television programme,
characterized by exaggerated emotions & stereotypical characters
● The term originated from the 19th century
from the French word ‘Melodrame’
● The word ‘Melo’ means ‘Music’ or ‘Song’
in Greek
● The word ‘Drame’ is French for ‘Drama’
The main purpose of melodrama is to play on the feelings and
emotions of the audience.
Ø melodrama shows events that
follow each other rapidly, but seems to be governed always by chance. the
characters are victims in the hands of merciless fate.
Ø an extravagant drama in which action is more
salient than characterization.
PURPOSE:
to appeal to the emotions of the audience.
ELEMENTS:
2. Pangs
- The pains that the hero,
heroine and other good characters suffer through because of the villain’s evil.
3. Penalty - The last part of the
play, where the villain gets the punishments that
6. CLOSET
DRAMA (PRIVATE DRAMA)
- In the early years, it
was written for private silent reading or reading aloud among small groups of
friends.
- Nowadays, these plays are
written, generally, to be performed, and the playwright depends on the actors and
actresses to bring hits script to a higher level.
UNIQUE EMOTION
• It
becomes the object skepticism and doubt a public voice that must be scrutinized
and doubt.
• Solitude
or privacy
ELEMENTS
• Setting-the
in place where a story is set is one of its important parts.
• Dialog-the
story is narrated to the audiences through the interaction between the play's
characters, which is in the form of dialog.
• Character-the
characters that form a part of the story are interwoven with the plot of the
drama.
• Plot-the
order of events occurring in a play make its plot.
• Theme
of a play refers to its central idea.
PURPOSE:
For Individual Private satisfaction
7. MORALITY
PLAY (DRAMA OF MORAL)
Dominican
and Franciscan monks developed the morality play in the 13th century by adding
actors and theatrical elements to their sermons.
An edifying form of Western
European drama of the 15th and 16th centuries.
It was originated in
France (The Wise Man and the foolish Man, 1436).
ELEMENTS
1. Characters
a. Good
and Bad Angel- usually involved in a struggle for a man’s soul
b. Protagonist
– often has a name that represents universality, such as “Everyman”, “Mankind”,
“Soul”, “Adam”, etc.
2. Conflict
a. Presence
of Mephistopheles (Satan) (evil)
b. Man,
against the seven deadly sins that are personified into real characters
*Seven Deadly Sins*
1. Pride
(ego)
2. Envy
(ealousy)
3. Lust
(sexual desire)
4. Gluttony
(overeating) (habitual greed)
5. Greed
(selfishness)
6. Anger
(feeling of
displeasure)
7. Sloth
(laziness)
3. Plot
(Does not have religious plots)
4. Foreshadowing
- Vision of Hell
5. Motif
or Symbol
- Allegory- A
story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning,
typically a moral or political one.
- a
story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning
6. Theme
- Man begins in innocence.
- Man falls to temptations.
- Man repents and is saved.
7. Message
- “Sin
is inevitable.”
- “Repentance
is always possible.”
- “Repentance
occurs at any time of the year.”
8. MIRACLE PLAY (DRAMA OF SAINTS)
- Also known as Mystery Play, generic
terms given to the English dramas of medieval times (from the 5th century to
about the 15th century).
Miracle
- A wondrous work of God (from old french miracle) From latin word
miraculum "object of wonder", - Marvelous event caused by God (from
mirari latin term).
- Mystery is from
“Misterium” and its meaning is craft, a play performed by craft guilds is
called mystery plays.
- A Medieval drama
portraying event in the lives of Saints and Martyrs. It based on a biblical
story or the life of religious persons.
- known as saint’s plays
also. They specially re-enacted miraculous interventions by the Saints, particularly
St. Nicholas or St. Mary, into the lives of ordinary people rather than
biblical events.
9. MUSICAL DRAMA (DRAMA OF OPERA)
- Is an opera in which the musical and dramatic elements are
equally important; the music is appropriate to the action.
- It is also a type of
opera; a drama set to music, consist of singing with orchestral accompaniment
and an orchestral overture and interludes.
10. HISTORICAL DRAMA
(BIOGRAPHICAL DRAMA)
- refers to a work set in a
past time period, usually used in the context of film and television. It is an
informal crossover term that can apply to several genres and is often heard in
the context of historical fiction and romances, adventure films, and
swashbucklers.
- dramatic portrayals of events in history.
These dramas may be portrayed on the theatrical stage, in film, television or
literature.
11. FANTASY PLAY (MAGICAL DRAMA)
- is a genre of speculative fiction set in a
fictional universe, often without any locations, events, or people referencing
the real world. Its roots are in oral traditions, which then became literature
and drama. From the twentieth century it has expanded further into various
media, including film, television, graphic novels and video games.
- Also, Fantasy is a
subgenre of speculative fiction and is distinguished from the genres of science
fiction and horror by the absence of scientific or macabre themes respectively,
though these genres overlap. In popular culture, the fantasy genre is
predominantly of the medievalist form. In its broadest sense, however, fantasy
consist of works by many writers, artist, filmmakers, and musicians from
ancient myths and legends to many recent and popular works.
Drama Staging Modalities
Types of Staging Modalities
Thrust
Avenue
The audience sits on 2 sides of the acting area
Theater in the round
The audience sits on 4 sides of acting area
End on
The audience is positioned in front of the acting area
Promenade
The action takes place in different areas and the audience move to follow it.
The audience is positioned in front of the stage and the stage is framed.
Script
Written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing play
Screenplay
Describes character, locations, dialogue and actions.
4 parts of scene
Sluglines - location and time
Action blocks- describe what characters doing
Character names
Dialogue
One Morning,
there was a man named Jae Han who wants to end up his life so that he tried to
jump in a building, then suddenly, there was an angel falls from heaven who
wants to save Jae Han in a danger. When the heavy rain and strong wind came,
Jae Han and the Angel fell down in the ground and accidentally, the Angel transform
into a human. After a minute, they brought them in the hospital.
JAE HAN:(Awake)What?! Am I okay?!
NURSE: You’re awake
JAE HAN: Excuse me…. Is that friend okay?
NURSE: Its just temporary shock. She just need to
get some IV fluids before she goes.
A FEW MINUTES LATER….
ANGEL:(Awake)
JAE HAN: Are you back to your senses?
ANGEL: What is this?! Can he see me?!
JAE HAN: Is there nothing broken? Are you okay?
ANGEL: Hurt?
JAE HAN: Are you really okay?
ANGEL: You can’t possibly… see me, right?
JAE HAN: What are you saying?
ANGEL: (SCREAM)
THE ANGEL
DOESN’T BELIEVE THAT SHE TRANSFORM INTO A HUMAN….
JAE HAN: What?! Whats wrong?!
ANGEL: My blacknote is missing
JAE HAN: What is it?
ANGEL: My blacknote… no way!! What should I do?!
JAE HAN: Blacknote? Are you looking for a black
notebook?
ANGEL: (Speechless)
JAE HAN: Do you perhaps remember where you used to
live or a phone number?
ANGEL: Why do I need to remember that?
JAE HAN: Remember where you are from
ANGEL: You won’t believe me even if I tell you
JAE HAN: I’ll believe it. Tell me everything. I’ll
believe everything.
ANGEL: (She pointed her finger in the sky)
JAE HAN: huhhhh!!!!
ANGEL: See, you don’t even believe.
After that, they went to
Jae Han’s house. The Angel lived in Jae Hans house. And after a year, they fell
in love with each other and they lived happily ever after.
THE END!!
The Girl
Once upon a time, there’s a girl named Sarah live in a small and ugly
house. And she was being bullied because she’s poor and ugly. One day, while
she is busy finding food at her house since she so hungry, a fairy God mother,
that implored as a beggar knocked at her house. (tock tock)
Sarah: (opening the door), yes what can I help you miss.
Beggar: Please give me some food, I’m begging you.
Sarah: (she was holding a small bread, doubting), please come inside. (the
Beggar entered). You must drink first.
Beggar: Thank you miss. What is your name?
Sarah: My name is Sarah. Here eat this, I know you more need it.
Beggar: Thank you. And since you’re so good, I will give you a reward.
Sarah: (shocked, the beggar changed into a fairy god mother)
Fairy God
Mother: Since you’re so good, I’ll give
you enough money to buy what you need.
Sarah: Thank you, thank you very much.
Then the girl live a good life since she spent the money wise.
